1. The trustees refusing to resign were George Chambers, Isaiah Graham, David McConaughy, John D. Mahon, John Moodey and W. R. DeWitt. Trustee Minutes, May 9, 1834.
2. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 25, 1833. Charter and Bylaws of Dickinson College (Carlisle, 1966), pp. 9-10. The amendment enacted April 10, 1834 made the Principal President of the Board, empowered the Board to declare vacant seats not occupied for two years and vested all discipline except expulsion with the faculty.
3. John A. Roche, The Life of John Price Durbin (N.Y. & Cin., 1889), pp. 58-59. Durbin was zealous to promote the study of science, but he was a churchman first. His chief work in the field is a liberalized edition of the Mosaic History of the Creation of the World by the English Methodist, Thomas Wood, and his chief contribution to science at Dickinson the acquisition of apparatus and materials, notably the collection of Prof. Walter R. Johnson of Philadelphia in 1834.
4. Ibid., pp. 95, 102-103. James Penn Pilkington, The Methodist Publishing House. A History. Volume 1 (Nashville & N.Y., 1968), pp. 225-281
5. Campus arboretum, Trustee Minutes, Sept. 27, 1833; May 9, 1834
6. Ibid., June 8, 1833. Saul Sack, History of Higher Education in Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1963), vol. 2, pp. 437, 440.
8. Trustee Minutes, June 7, Sept. 27, 1833; May 8, 9, 1834.
9. Ibid., May 8, 1834. "Statement showing the number of subscribers, amounts subscribed, and sums received . . March 14, 1835," DCA, lists $39,546 in subscriptions, with $1,741 paid at time of printing. H. M. Johnson, circular letter, DCA, states that $30,000 had been realized from a hoped-for original endowment of $100,000.
10. George H. Callcott, A History of the University of Maryland (Balt., 1966), p. 23.
11. J. W. Hedges, Crowned Victors. The Memoirs of over Four Hundred Methodist Preachers (Balt., 1878), pp. 542-45, 351-53.
12. The Papers of Samuel Harvey are at HSP, and his sketch of the rise of Methodism in DCA. Coombe and Pitman both served as College financial agent. Sketches of Pitman and Lybrand are in William H. Sprague, Annals of the American Methodist Pulpit (N.Y., 1865), vol. 7, pp. 603, 521.
13. Carl F. Price, Wesleyan's First Century (Middletown, Conn. 1932), pp. 46-47.
14. Joseph Alexander Murray, A Contribution to the History of the Presbyterian Church (Carlisle, 1905), p. 31. Penrose was elected to the state senate, where he was Speaker through most of his three terms. He is described in the Carlisle American Volunteer, June 17, 1823, as a leader of the Shillewallee wing of the Democratic Party.
15. Trustee Minutes, May 8, 1834, record his appointment to make application for continuance of the state grant.
16. First listed in the Catalogue of 1840, with representatives from Baltimore, Philadelphia and New Jersey.
17. Christian Advocate and Journal, Feb. 5, 1845.
18. Trustee Minutes, July 18, 1846, p. 54.
19. Wilson Lee Spottswood, Brief Annals (Harrisburg, 1888), p. 50. Roche, p. 204.
21. John Price Durbin, Inaugural Address, delivered in Carlisle, September 10, 1834, upon the Re-opening of Dickinson College (Carlisle, 1834), p. 12.
23. Spottswood, pp. 7-8. George R. Crooks, Life and Letters of the Rev. John McClintock (N.Y. & Cin., 1876), pp. 69-70. James Andrew McCauley in Dickinsonian Jan. 7, 1873.
24. James Henry Morgan, History of Dickinson College (Carlisle, 1933), p. 252. Wainwright, Nicholas B., ed., A Philadelphia Perspective. The Diary of Sidney George Fisher (Phila., 1967), p. 53.
25. Charles Francis Himes, A Sketch of Dickinson College (Harrisburg, 1879), p. 61, quoting W. H. Allen.
26. Thomas E. Vale, The Public Schools of Carlisle (Carlisle, 1935), p. 13.
27. Proceedings of a National Convention for the Promotion of Education in the United States (Washington, 1840), p. 2. Thomas Sewall was also a member.
28. John McClintock, diary, April 5, 1840. McClintock Papers, Emory University.
30. Herbert B. Adams, Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia (Wash. 1888), p. 241.
32. Ibid. Richard A. F. Penrose in Dickinsonian, May, 1877, p. 58. J. F. Rusling in Dickinsonian, May 13, 1914, p. 8.
34. Merritt Caldwell, An Address delivered. . . July 16, 1835 (Hallowell, Me., 1835).
36. Ibid., p. 4. Dickinsonian, May, 1882, p. 10.
38. Moncure D. Conway, Autobiography (Boston & N.Y., 1904), vol. 1, p. 48.
39. Allen to Caldwell, Augusta, Me., July 25, 1836. DCA. Cheesman A. Herrick, Girard College Worthies (Phila., 1927), p. 24.
43. David D. Leib in Dickinson Alumnus, vol. 15 (Sept., 1937), p. 20.
45. Elmer C. Herber, "Spencer F. Baird-World-famous Naturalist," SL 2, pp. 212-32.
46. Roche, p. 221. McClintock is described by W. H. Allen, "Dickinsoniana, address delivered June 4, 1870, McClintock Papers; R. M. Henderson in Dickinsonian, Nov., 1898, p. 309; National Magazine, vol. 2 (1853), p. 3.
48. Conway, vol. 1, p. 47. Penrose, p. 58.
49. McClintock, diary, Nov. 30, 1839. McClintock to Robert Emory, Jan. 19, 1841. McClintock Papers. Thomas Cogswell Upham's Philosophical and Practical Treatise on the Will (Portland, Me., 1831; N.Y., Harper, 1841), with its psychological rather than theological approach, seems to have been misjudged by McClintock as a Calvinist document.
50. Stephen Montfort Vail, "Merritt Caldwell," Methodist Quarterly Review, vol. 34 (1852), pp. 574-93.
51. Christian Advocate and Journal, March 16, 1838. McClintock, diary, Oct. 20, 1837.
53. Act No. 95, Laws of Pennsylvania, (1838), p. 617.
54. Sherman Day, Historical Collections of the State of Pennsylvania (Phila., 1843), p. 265.
55. Record book, April 8, 1841, and library catalogue, 1844-59. DCA.
57. Merritt Caldwell, "Historical Sketch of Dickinson College," American Quarterly Register, vol. 9 (1836), p. 129.
58. Charles G. Murray to his brother, Joseph, Carlisle, Jan. 11, 1837, HSP: "Our new College is finished and fild with students." "Extract of a Letter from a Student of Dickinson College," Christian Advocate and Journal, Feb. 17, 1837.
59. Faculty memoranda on the student case of March 21, 1837. DCA.
60. Christian Advocate and Journal, May 12, 19, 1837. Vail, p. 579, notes that Caldwell in this year had made himself a "tower of strength" for the temperance cause in the Cumberland Valley persisting fearlessly though "the movement at this time was very unpopular."
61. John A. Wright to J. A. Murray, April 20, 1838. James Hamilton Papers,
63. Faculty Minutes, Nov. 2, 9, 1849; March 25, 27, 1850. DCA.
64. Statutes of Dickinson College (Carlisle, 1836), p. 7.
65. (David McClure), A System of Education for the Girard College for Orphans (Phila., 1838), p. 17.
66. To his father, Jan. 11, 1837. McClintock Papers.
67. C[harles] F[orce] D[eems] in Hollidaysburg, Pa., Democratic Standard, June 2, 1843.
68. Trustee Minutes, July 11, 1839. Herber, p. 215, and Roche, pp. 193-94, give accounts of the uprising by S. F. Baird and Thomas Bowman.
69. E.g., U. P. Society to the President, May 4, 1836, DCA, objecting to an "authority never exercised before."
72. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 25, 1833.
74. Ibid., July 7, 1841. Faculty Minutes, Sept. 26, 1841.
75. Catalogues, 1842-44. Carlisle Herald, June 7, 1843, announcing lecture course. Trustee Minutes, July 10, 1844.
76. McClintock to Robert Emory, Jan. 19, 1841. McClintock Papers.
77. Trustee Minutes, May 9, 1834, contain a resolution that the manual labor system will be introduced "in compliance with the recommendation and request of the Balt. and Phila. A. Conference" as soon as funds are available "and other necessary arrangements made." Durbin's report, ibid., July 12, 1835, recommends introduction of the system and cites "numerous applications from young men of limited means ... referring mainly to the manual labour system." The Christian Advocate and Journal, May 1, 1835, contains a "Report on Education" by Charles Pitman and Edmund S. Janes, "agents of the Philadelphia Conference for Dickinson College," promising the establishment of the system and forswearing any design to set up a theological school at Carlisle. The professors took an opposite view. Durbin, Emory, McClintock were eager to advance theological training. None wanted the manual labor system. McClintock, writing to Emory, Jan. 19, 1841, McClintock Papers, deplores the fact that it had gotten "into the heads of the preachers again." He had thought it a dead issue. With Pestalozzi and others and in the view of Benjamin Rush, manual skills had been seen as an extension of educational practice, but the "system" belonged to the democratic revolt against upper class's monopoly of education. James Mulhern, A History of Education (N.Y., 1946), pp. 274, 356, 375, 381, 401-03.
78. Matthew Simpson, ed., Cyclopaedia of Methodism (Phila., 1881), p. 559.
79. Petition, 1849. DCA. Trustee Minutes, July 11, 1849.
80. Caldwell to Durbin, Aug. 24, 1836. DCA.
81. Trustee Minutes, July 10, 1845. Morgan, pp. 304-06.
82. Trustee Minutes, May 9-10, 1834.
83. Christian Advocate and Journal, Oct. 3, 1834.
84. C. R. Fite to Durbin, Dec. 9, 1837. DCA. Trustee Minutes, July 18, 1838.
85. Trustee Minutes, July 12, 1843, p. 7, and July 11, 1846, p. 47.
86. Ibid., July 19-20, 1838, pp. 311, 317.
87. Notice on subscriptions, Christian Advocate and Journal, June 10, 1836.
88. Durbin, printed appeal for funds, Nov. 25, 1837. DCA.
89. Petition to House of Representatives of Penna., Jan. 8, 1838. Rush Papers, Library Company of Philadelphia, on deposit at HSP. Morgan, pp. 289-90. Thomas H. Burrowes, Fourth Annual Report of the Common Schools, Academies and Colleges of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1838), p. 65.
90. Thomes E. Bond to his son, May 31, 1841. Bond Papers, DCA. McClintock, diary, May 12, 1841; and to his sister, Jane, June 9, 1841. McClintock Papers.
91. Price, pp. 52, 54-55. Both brought back books, scientific apparatus, models of the "Giant's Causeway."
92. Observations in Europe, principally in France and Great Britain (N. Y., 1844). Observations in the East, chiefly in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Asia Minor (N.Y., 1845, 1847, 1854).
93. Faculty Minutes, Sept. 22, 1843.
94. John McClintock, diary, March 25, 1842: the College . evidently on the decline in discipline, scholarship and character."
95. Resignation, Trustee Minutes, July 10, 1845. Roche, pp. 141 ff.
96. Faculty Minutes, Sept. 20, 1845.
99. William H. Allen in Dickinsonian, April 6, 1875, p. 81. James Fowler Rusling in Dickinsonian, May 13, 1914, p. 8. Wilson Lee Spottswood in Dickinsonian, May, 1882, pp. 10-11.
100. Faculty Minutes, Sept. 20, 1844. "Rules and Regulations," Sept. 20, 1844. DCA.
101. Faculty Minutes, July 9, 1845.
102. William H. Allen, report to Emory, July, 1846. Trustee Papers, DCA.
103. Emory report, Trustee Minutes, July 8, 1846.
104. Faculty Minutes, June 27, 1846.
105. Trustee Minutes, July 8, 1846, p. 52; July 7, 1847, pp. 70-71, 76-77.
106. Samuel D. Hillman to Thomas E. Rogers, March 31, 1847. HSP.
108. "The Faculty recommend that no student under sixteen years of age be permitted to pursue the partial course." Trustee Minutes, July 7, 1847, p. 69. On Aug. 20, 1845, Gov. Francis Rawn Shunk had inquired about entering his two sons at Dickinson, not to graduate, but "to acquire useful knowledge to fit them for performing their duty .... They are pretty good English scholars. They have read in Latin Caesar, Cicero, Ovid, Livy, Sallust and four books of the Odes of Horace. In Greek, Greek reader, Greek Testament, 4 books in Xenophon and 4 books in Homer. They have studied Algebra, Geometry, plane and spherical trigonometry and made some progress in Rhetoric and Evidences of Christianity .... I want to send these boys another year to School to revise and expand their knowledge of the Latin & Greek languages, Mathernaticks &c. and to study natural philosophy, chemistry, astronomy, Geology and the French and German languages. I name these, as my object is to reach as far as I can, practical results." To James Hamilton, James Hamilton Papers.
109. Durbin's reports, Trustee' Minutes, July 12, 1835 and July 19, 1838.
110. Emory report, ibid July 8, 1846.
111. Librarian's report, ibid., July 19, 1837.
113. Durbin to Emory, Nov. 10, 1846, DCA, declaring without obvious conviction his strong faith "for your College building." Emory appeals in Christian Advocate and Journal, June 2, 1847: "Where are the Lawrences, the Williams, and the Horries of the middle states, that will by one noble benefaction bless the College and
114. Trustee Minutes, July 7, 1847, p. 74. S. D. Hillman to T. E. Rogers, Feb. 7, 1847, HSP: "The old hall back of the 'den' has been converted into rooms."
115. Christian Advocate and Journal, March 10, 31, 1847.
116. Price pp. 53, 80. Lewis M. Purifoy, "The Methodist Anti-Slavery Tradition," Methodist History, vol. 4 (1966), p. 9.
117. Christian Advocate and Journal, Feb. 24, March 31, April 21, 28, 1847.
119. Ibid., May 19, 1847. The fifth article is in the McClintock Papers.
120. McClintock to his brother-in-law, Edgar B. Wakeman, June 16, 1847. McClintock Papers.
121. Charles Wesley Carrigan. . . .Centennial Anniversary of Dickinson College. "An Incident which marked a crisis in her history." (leaflet, Carlisle, June 27, 1883), p. 3. For other accounts of the riot and trial see Conway, vol. 1, pp. 52-53; Crooks, pp. 143-83; McClintock to Caldwell, June 3, 1847, McClintock Papers. A newspaper account appears in Two Hundred Years in Cumberland County (Carlisle, 1951), pp. 165-67. The most recent study is Martha C. Slotten's The McClintock Slave Riot of 1847 (MS, DCA).
123. Faculty Minutes, June .7, 1847.
124. Emory to David Creamer, June 8, 1847. Manuscripts Collection, Morristown National Historical Park.
126. Financial Committee Minutes, Sept. 29, 1847. DCA.
127. Trustee Minutes, July 12, 1848.
128. McClintock to Mrs. Caldwell, June 26, 1848. McClintock Papers.
129. Trustee Papers, July 7, 1848. DCA.
130. Mrs. John McClintock to her mother, Jan. 17, 1848. McClintock Papers.
131. To Stephen Olin, May 21, 1848. Ibid.
132. McClintock to Emory, Aug. 2, 1847. Ibid.
133. Albert Osborn, John Fletcher Hurst (N.Y. & Cin. 1905), pp. 301, 49.