1. Centennial Memorial of the Presbytery of Carlisle (Harrisburg, 1889), vol. 2, pp. 149-51.
2. Ibid., p. 153. Duffield to W. W. Woodward, bookseller, March 3, 1821, HSP, shows him ordering Isabella Graham's life, Dobell's Hymns, etc. by the dozen "to circulate them among the people of my charge."
3. James Hamilton Papers. HSP.
4. Jacob Van Vechten, Memoirs of John M. Mason (N.Y., 1856), p. 516.
5. Dr. John W. Francis, quoted by G. Adolph Koch, Republican Religion (N.Y., 1933), p. 238.
6. Ibid., p. 270. John Mitchell Mason, First Ripe Fruits (London, 1803), pp. 265, 271. Jefferson based his reasoning against the Deluge on "insufficieny of water. "
8. A History of Columbia University, 1754-1904 (N.Y., Columbia University Press, 1904), pp. 97-102.
9. Trustees Minutes, Dec. 12, 1821. Tuition was $ 36 and room rent $8 per year, boarding $2 per week, plus incidental fees and charges, including use of the Library.
10. Ibid., Sept. 8, 1821. Trustee by-laws enacted June 29, 1824, state: "No professor or officer of the faculty shall be removed untill an accusation shall be preferred by the Board specifying the charges alleged against him of which he shall have notice and due time to prepare and make his defence."
12. John Mitchell Mason, Address delivered at the Organization of Dickinson College . . . .January 15th, 1822 (N.Y., 1822), p. 16.
14. Thomas Creigh notes. DCA. Centennial Memorial, vol. 1, p. 16; vol. 2, pp. 163-67.
15. Carlisle American Volunteer, Oct. 18, 1821.
16. Ibid., Dec. 13, 1821. Trustee Minutes, Jan. 7, 9, 11, 1822.
17. Trustee Minutes, May 6, 1822, citing a letter from James Ross on the vacancy. Henry Vethake, for the faculty, to the trustees, May 28, 1822. DCA.
18. Alan Carter Smith, A History of the Anglican Community at Carlisle, 1746-1829, MS, 1968, pp. 45-48. St. John's Church, Carlisle.
19. Statutes of Dickinson College. . .February 15, 1822, (Carlisle, 1822), p. 5. William B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit (N.Y., 1858), vol. 4, p. 23, adds that Mason lectured on rhetoric using as text Horace's Art of Poetry and Longinus' Treatise on the Sublime.
20. Columbia University, pp. 87-91, 107. American Volunteer, Feb. 28, 1822.
21. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 8, 1823. The earliest surviving report, DCA, April, 1827, lists grades from 1, the lowest, up to 5, with 3 representing "a decent mediocrity."
22. Trustee Minutes, Jan. 29, Nov. 5, 1822.
25. Promise to eschew politics, over signature of James Armstrong, President of the Board, American Volunteer, Jan. 17, 1822. Recital of Robert Goodloe Harper's oration on the murder of Federalist James Maccubin Lingan, 1812, A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of Dickinson College from 1821 to 1830 (Carlisle, 1830). p. 5.
26. American Volunteer, July 11, 1822.
27. Sprague, vol. 4, pp. 12-13.
28. Conway P. Wing, A History of the First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle, Pa. (Carlisle,, 1877), p. 166. "By profession" signals an experience and public avowal similar to the Methodist "conversion."
29. George B. Carr, John Miller Dickey, His Life and Times (Phila., 1929), pp. 76-78.
30. Trustee Minutes, Dec. 15, 1821. Evidence supports strongly, but does not prove, the descent from Henry Makinly. Young Daniel appears as a Duffield protégé but, when the church split, would go with the Old School party.
32. Trustee Minutes, May 29, 1823.
33. Duffield's religious organizations supported, and are chronicled in, the weekly Religious Miscellany, a publication put out by George Fleming of his congregation, Jan. 17, 1823 to July 2, 1824, after which it continued, on a broader basis, as the Carlisle Adviser.
34. Turkey Club Minutes, Nov. 11, 1823 to Feb. 14, 1824. DCA. Matthew Spencer defected to Belles Lettres but is not entered in the published roll of either society. Oswald Tilghman, History of Talbot County, Maryland (Balt., 1915), vol. 2, p. 403, describes his later tumultuous career as a teacher at Princess Ann. The organization of Duffield's "Young Men's Missionary Society," Sept., 1823, is reported in Religious Miscellany, vol. 2 (1823), p. 155. On Oct. 3, 1823, the trustees had empowered their Executive Committee (Duffield, Hendel and Isaac Brown Parker) to deal with student complaints.
35. July 17, 1823. Religious Miscellany, vol. 2, p. 365.
37. Trustee Minutes, March 29, 1823.
38. Carlisle Gazette, July 6, 1824.
39. American Volunteer, Feb. 6, 1823. The bill had passed the House, but had been defeated in the Senate, 48-33. Ibid., April 10, 1823.
40. Trustee Minutes, June 8, 22, July 27, 1824.
41. William Neill, Autobiography (Phila., 1861), p. 47.
42. Ibid., p. 48. The Carlisle Gazette, Nov. 9, 1824, describes in detail the inauguration procession, headed by the Janitor, bearing the keys of the College, then the Grammar School pupils, then College students, then the Principal Elect, with the faculty, clergy, judiciary and other prominent citizens bringing up the rear.
43. Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed., A Philadelphia Perspective. The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Coveting the Years 1834-1871 (Phila., 1967), p. 311.
46. J. Stuart Prentice, The History of the First United Church of Christ, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. 1763- 1963 (Unabridged MS of work published Carlisle, 1963), pp. 101-02.
47. Trustee Minutes. H. M. J. Klein, The History of the Eastern Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States (Lancaster, 1943), p. 136.
49. Trustee minutes, March 12, 1825. Lewis Mayer, Inaugural Address delivered by the Rev. Lewis Mayer, at his Inauguration as Principal in the Theological Seminary of the Garman Reformed Church, in Carlisle, Pa. On Wednesday, April 6, 1825 (Carlisle, 1825).
50. Trustee Minutes, Dec. 8, 1825; Feb. 15, 1826.
51. Ibid., June 25, 1823; Jan 17, 1827. A third offer was rejected, March 31, 1832.
52. Dr. James Henry Miller, Class of 1808, was also involved in this project. The trustees solaced Dr. Vethake with an honorary A.M., 1827. For background, see George H. Callcott, A History of the University of Maryland (Balt., 1966), pp. 52-53, 69.
53. William Cohen, James Miller McKim: Pennsylvania Abolitionist (Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1969), p. 29.
55. Anne Royall, Mrs. Royall's Pennsylvania, or Travels continued in the United States (Wash., 1829), vol. 1, p. 214.
56. Prentice, pp. 143, 151-52.
57. The course appears in the College catalogue of 1827, and Huber is by name in that of 1828. He was Professor of Modern Languages at Wesleyan University, 1831-42, resigning at the time of the Millerite excitement, and following his disillusionment was taken back with lowered rank.
58. Theodore Appel, Recollections of College Life, at Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., from 1839 to 1845 (Reading, Pa., 1886), pp. 75-76. Klein, p. 145. Theodore Appel, The Beginnings of the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in the United States, from 1817 to 1832 (Phila., 1886) publishes correspondence on the Carlisle period, pp. 42-81.
59. Memorialized since 1948 in the Robert Coleman Chair of History.
61. American Volunteer, Feb. 10, 1825.
62. First proposed by Neill, for the faculty, to the trustees, April 25, 1825. DCA.
63. Neill, for the faculty, to the trustees, Aug. 30, 1825, and Sept. 6, 1825. DCA. Narrative, p. 7.
64. American Volunteer, Oct. 13, 1825. In addition to the studies of the four classes, admission requirements are given: geography; arithmetic as far as fractions; Latin and Greek including prosody; translation of Virgil, Cicero, Greek Testament and Dalzell's Collectanea Minora.
65. Report of a committee of trustees, Sept. 25, 1826. DCA. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 27, 1826.
66. Anonymous to Spencer, Feb. 27, 1825. DCA.
67. Spencer to the trustees, Dec. 8, 1827. DCA. Trustee Minutes, Dec. 10, 11, 13, 17, 1827. Narrative, pp. 11-16.
68. Trustee committee report, Dec. 10, 1827. DCA. Faculty Minutes, Dec. 12, 1827.
69. May 21, 1828. DCA. Finley to James Hamilton. James Hamilton Papers.
70. Trustee Minutes, April 1, 1826. Statutes of Dickinson College (Carlisle, 1826), p. 13.
71. E.g., Faculty Minutes, Aug. 13, 1827, and Trustee Minutes, Sept. 26, 1827, acknowledging the duty but urging faculty to give examinations "in a shorter period," but "with no abatement in the strictness."
73. Belles Lettres Minutes. DCA.
74. Trustee Minutes, Aug. 11 to Sept. 14, 1827. Faculty Minutes, Aug. 17 to Sept. 17, 1827. DCA.
75. Faculty protest to trustees, Aug. 27, 1827, DCA. Report of trustee committee on communication from the faculty, Sept. 7, 1827. DCA.
76. Belles Lettres Minutes, Jan. 26, 28, 31, 1828. Trustee Minutes, March 3, 4; April 2, 5; May 18, 24, 31, 1828.
77. Faculty Minutes, March 28, May 14, 15, July 16, Aug. 18, 22, 1828. Trustee Minutes, Aug. 28, 1828.
79. Royall, vol. 1, pp. 205-06. Narrative, p. 9.
81. Faculty Minutes, Dec. 13, 1828.
82. Narrative, pp. 9-10. American Volunteer, Jan. 25, 1827.
84. "Redmond Conyngham," by Alonzo Potter. MS, American Philosophical Society. Bishop Potter's obituary was written without an awareness of a less prepossessing aspect of Conyngham's "lettered tastes." See William A. Hunter, "Substitute for Truth: Hazard's 'Provincial Correspondence,'" Pennsylvania History, vol. 29 (1962), pp. 278-90.
85. Trustee Minutes, Dec. 11, 17, 1827.
86. Faculty Minutes, Dec. 24, 26, 1827; Jan. 22, 25, 1828.
87. American Volunteer, April 3, 1828.
88. Trustee Minutes, April 2, 1828.
89. Faculty Minutes, March 21, 1828.
90. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 26, 1827.
96. Diary of George Duffield, Feb. 2, 1829. Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
97. Narrative, p. 65. The incident is described in detail by John Linn McKim, Class of 1830, "A College Riot," Dickinsonian, Monthly ed., Oct., 1899, pp. 13-16.
98. Trustee Minutes, Feb. 16, 1829. Faculty Minutes of 1829 reflect "the spirit of rebellion ... particularly at evening prayers," with some students dismissed and others, like W. Bishop, admonished ("for carrying a chicken into the prayer hall"), while by summer the whole situation was complicated by "some animosity apparent between the students and the mechanics of the town."
99. Report of Committee on Present State and Prospects, Aug. 1, 1829. DCA. The committee interviewed the faculty, compiling a revealing statement on teaching loads and methods. Faculty minutes. Aug. 3, 1829, record a request to the trustees for a copy, and, Aug. 14, their refusal. Narrative, p. 70-71, records the trustees' final decision that faculty had fallen into "a habit of disregard to rules, which are essential to the existence of the institution." Salaries would be reduced.
100. Neill to trustees, Aug. 1, 1829. DCA.
101. Henry Vethake, A Reply to "A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of Dickinson College, from 1821 to 1830" (Princeton, Dec. 15, 1830), pp. 9-11.
102. Samuel Hazard, ed., The Register of Pennsylvania, vol. 4 (1829), p. 239. Lindsley had had experience enow with trustee interference at Princeton.
103. Diary of George Duffield, Jan. 22, 1830.
104. To his father, Jacob B. Weidman, Dec. 25, 1829. DCA. Belles Lettres Minutes, May 30, 1829, had attributed diminishing support of library acquisitions "to the unfavourable prospects of the College in losing our best professor."
105. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 22, 1829.
107. Messenger of Useful Knowledge, vol. 1 (1830-31), pp. 14, 46.
108. Samuel Blanchard How, An Address delivered to the Graduates of Dickinson College, on Wednesday, September 28, 1831. (Carlisle, 1831), p. 20.
109. Trustee Minutes, April 16, May 13, 1830.
110. Ibid., March 30, May 26, 1830.
111. The Statutes of Dickinson College. (Carlisle, 1830), p. 9.
112. Port Folio, vol. 6 (1815), pp. 412-13.
113. Carlisle Republican, Aug. 15, 1820.
114. William Neill to trustees, Aug. 30, 1825. DCA.
115. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 9, 1829. American Volunteer, March 11, 1830.
116. American Volunteer, March 18, 1830.
117. Green to Lyon, Sept. 16, 1831. DCA.
118. An Appeal to the Christian Public from the Unprovoked Attacks of the Rev. George Duffield, against the Methodist Episcopal Church. By A. G., Elder in the M. E. Church (Carlisle, 1828). A Review of "An Appeal to the Christian Public. (Carlisle, 1828).
119. On motion of Frederick Watts, Trustee Minutes, Feb. 10, 1831. Rogers resigned Feb. 15, his resignation to take effect at end of the spring term.
120. One of the number was the distinguished scientist, Samuel S. Haldeman.
121. Rogers to Hamilton, Oct., 1830 to Aug., 1831. James Hamilton Papers. Messenger of Useful Knowledge, pp. 66-67.
122. Charles D. Cleveland, To My Friends (Carlisle, April 16, 1832), p. 23.
123. Student records, Dartmouth College Library.
124. Charles D. Cleveland, An Epitome of Grecian Antiquities. For the Use of Schools (Boston, 1827), and A Compendium of Grecian Antiquities (Boston, 1831).
125. Trustee Minutes, March 7, 1831. Cleveland had written the trustees on the matter in August, 1830 (To My Friends, p. 27), and Atwater, after reading Vethake's Reply, had urged How to press the matter.
126. Trustee Minutes, Dec. 15, 1830. $1,500 had been subscribed for the "additional edifice" when How issued a printed appeal, DCA, announcing that it would bear the name of any donor of a like sum.
127. Cleveland, To My Friends, pp. 28-29.
130. Charles Upham Shepard, already well launched on his distinguished career, had been recommended to the trustees as professor of chemistry and natural history by Edward Hitchock of Amherst, May 13, 1828 (James Hamilton Papers).
131. Cleveland, To My Friends, pp. 2-3. McFarlane, complaint to the trustees, Feb. 15, 1832. DCA.
132. Cleveland, To My Friends, pp. 4 n, 34. A letter from Olmstead to Joseph A. Murray, July 13, 1864, Library of the Cumberland County Historical Society, describes his brief professorial career-"I was a green boy."
133. C level an d, To My Friends, p. 26.
135. How, report to trustees, Sept. 27, 1831. DCA. Cleveland, To My Friends, pp. 14-15, 20- 22. The most curious and revealing of How's charges (as stated to Cleveland himself) was that he had revealed the secrets of the faculty to Mr. Duffield.
136. How to trustees, Sept. 27, 1831. DCA.
137. Moodey to Andrew Carothers, Oct. 29, 1831. DCA. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 28-29, Nov. 5, 1831.
138. Cleveland, To My Friends, p. 29.
139. Ibid., pp. 5-9. George A. Lyon, statement, Sept. 29, 1831. DCA.
140. Lyon to Duffield, Aug. 26, 1831. DCA. Carlisle Herald, Sept. 8, 16, 1831. Ashbel Green to George A. Lyon, Sept. 16, 1831. DCA. Trustee Minutes, Sept. 28, 1831.
141. George Duffield, Spiritual Life: or, Regeneration, illustrated in a Series of Disquisitions, relative to its Author, Subject, Nature, Means, &c. (Carlisle, 1832).
142. Remarks upon the Report of the Committee appointed by the Carlisle Presbytery to review the Work entitled Duffield on Regeneration; together with some Additional Extracts from the Minutes, not listed in the Official Extracts (Phila., 1832). Andrew Carothers, J ohn Creigh, J ames Loudon and Samuel Elliott, The Principles of Presbyterian Discipline, unfolded and illustrated in the Protests and Appeals of the Rev. George Duffield ... in which his strict Adherence to the Confession of Faith and the Standards of the Church is fully shown (Carlisle, 1835). Samuel John Baird, A History of the New School and of the Questions involved in the Disruption of the Presbyterian Church in 1838 (Phila., 1868), pp. 462-67.
143. Belles Lettres Minutes, March 17, 1832.
144. Trustee Minutes, Feb. 18, Aug. 20, 1832.
145. Niles' Weekly Register, vol. 42 (1832), p. 83.